Zinc yakatengwa sei?

Mutengo wepasi rese weZinc zviwanikwa zvine mukurudzirwa zvakananga nekupihwa uye kuda hukama uye mamiriro ehupfumi. Kugoverwa kwepasirese kweZinc kunowanzoiswa munzvimbo dzakadai saAustralia neChina, neNyika huru inogadzira kuve China, Peru, neAustralia. Kuparidzwa kweZinc kwakanyudzwa muAsia Pacific uye Europe uye America Matunhu. Jianeng ndiye mutengesi wepasi rose mukuru uye mutengesi wezimbi wezinc, ane kukosha kwakakosha pamitengo yeZinc. China's Zinc Resource Reservation Chinyorwa chechipiri Munyika, asi giredhi harisi rakakwira. Kugadzirwa kwayo uye kunwa kwaro kwese chinzvimbo pakutanga munyika, uye kuvimba kwayo kwekunze kwakakwira.

Imwe ndeyekuti iyo lME ndiyo chete Global zinc remangwana kuchinjana, kugara chinzvimbo chakakurumbira mumusika weZinc remangwana.

LME yakavambwa muna 1876 uye yakatanga kuitisa kutengesa zvisina kurongwa kweZinc pakunzwisisa kwayo. Muna 1920, kutengeserana kwekutengesa kweZinc kwakatanga. Kubva ma1980s, lme yave iri barometer yemusika weWorld Zinc, uye mutengo wayo unoratidza shanduko muZinc kupa uye kudikanwa pasi rese, iyo inozivikanwa zvakanyanya pasi rese. Aya mitengo inogona kuvharwa kuburikidza nekusiyana-siyana kwemangwana uye sarudzo zvibvumirano muLME. Musika webasa reZinc red that rwechitatu muLME, yechipiri chete kune mhangura uye aluminium remangwana.

Kechipiri, New York Mercantile Shanduro (ROKX) muchidimbu yakavhurwa zinc remangwana yekutengesa, asi haina kubudirira.

Huya FUEX YAKABUDA Zinc Rusununguko kubva 1978 kusvika 1984, asi zvakazara hazvina kubudirira. Panguva iyoyo, maAmerican zinc aregererwa zvakanyanya muZinc Pricing, saka kuti vanouya vaine zinc Bhizinesi reZinc Liked Mazuva ano, kutengeserana kwesimbi kwaUnve kunonyanya kutariswa pane remangwana uye sarudzo zvibvumirano zvegoridhe, sirivheri, ndarira, uye aluminium.

Yechitatu ndeyekuti shanghai stock kuchinjana kwakatangira mari yeShanghai remangwana muna 2007, kutora chikamu muGlobal Zinc Mutsa Mutengo weChicing System.

Paive nehurefu hweZinc kutengeserana munhoroondo yeiyo Shanghai Stock Exchange. Pakutanga kwekutanga kwa1990, Zinc yaive svikiro kusvika pakutengeserana kwakareba kwakareba kwakadaro simbi, Aluminium, thunotungamira, tinke, uye nickel. Nekudaro, chiyero cheZinc kutengesa kwakaderera gore rimwe nerimwe, uye pakazosvika 1997, kutengeserana kweZinc kwaive kwakanyarara. Muna 1998, panguva yekugadziridzwa kwechimiro kwemusika wemangwana, kusiri kusimba masimbi ekutengeserana marudzi ekutengesa chete kwakachengetwa mhangura uye aluminium, uye zinc uye mamwe marudzi akadzimwa. Sezvo mutengo weZinc wakaramba uchimuka muna 2006, pakanga paine mafambiro aingodaidzira kuti zinc remangwana rekudzokera kumusika. Musi waKurume 26, 2007, iyo Shanghai Stock Exchange Zvakanyorwa Zvishoma Zinc Rusures, kuendesa nzvimbo dzekutanga mukugovera musika weChinch

Iyo yekutanga mitengo yemitengo yeZinc nzvimbo mumusika wepasi rose ndeyekushandisa zinc remangwana mutengo semutengo wemabhenji, uye wedzera iyo inoenderana maraki seyakaenderana. Maitiro eZinc International Place Mitengo uye LME Ruburity Mitengo inowirirana zvakanyanya, .

Imwe ndeyekukwira kumusoro uye kudzika miti yemitengo yeZinc kubva 1960 kusvika 1978; Yechipiri ndiyo nguva yebasa kubva muna 1979 kusvika 2000; Yechitatu ndiko kukurumidza kumusoro uye kudzika matanho kubva 2001 kusvika ku2009; Yechina ndiyo nguva yekuchinja kubva pa2010 kusvika 2020; Cheshanu ndicho chinguva chekukurumidza kubva 2020. Kubva 2020, nekuda kwekugona kweEuropean Energy $ 3500 pa ton.

Muna 2022, rondedzero yazvino kubva kuUnited States Geological Survey (USGS) inoratidza zviwanikwa zvepasi rose zvirimo ndeva1.9 mabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni, uye gadziriso dzeZinc ore masheya mazana maviri emamirioni emamirioni. Australia ine iyo yakawanda kwazvo zinc ore reservation, pamamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu emamiriyoni, accounting 31.4% yeiyo nyika dzese dzakawanda. China's Zinc Ore Reserves ndeyechipiri chete kuAustralia, pamamirioni makumi matatu emamironi, accounting 14.8% yeiyo nyika yepasi rose. Dzimwe nyika ine hombe zinc ore reservation inosanganisira Russia (10.5%), Peru (8.1%), India (4.6%), nedzimwe nyika Global Global Reservation.

Chekutanga, kugadzirwa kwenhoroondo yeZinc kwakaramba kuchiwedzera, nekuderera kushoma muzana remakore apfuura. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kugadzirwa kuchapora zvishoma nezvishoma mune ramangwana.

Kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kweZinc ore kwave kuenderera mberi kuri kuwedzera kwemakore anopfuura zana, kusvika paGeam Mumakore anotevera, kwave neimwe nhanho yekudzikira, kusvika muna 2019, apo kukura kwakatangazve. Nekudaro, iyo yekuburuka Nekutsanangurwa kwedenda, kugadzirwa kwe zinc zvishoma nezvishoma kwakadzokera kune iyo nhanho yemamiriyoni gumi emamiriyoni. Ongororo inoratidza kuti nekudzoreredzwa kwehupfumi hwenyika uye kukwidziridzwa kwemusika kudiwa, kugadzirwa kweZinc kucharamba kuchikura mune ramangwana.

Yechipiri ndeyekuti nyika dzine makore epamusoro-soro zinc kugadzirwa ndiChina, Peru, neAustralia.

Sekureva kwedata kubva kuUnited States Bureau yeGeological Survey (USGS), neChina ine mamirioni emamirioni emamirioni, accounting 32.3% yeiyo yepasi rose kugadzirwa. Dzimwe nyika dzine high zinc ore kugadzirwa zvinosanganisira Peru (10.8%), Australia (10.0%), India (6.40%), United States (5.9%), Mexico (5.7%), uye dzimwe nyika. Iko kugadzirwa kwakazara kweZinc Mines mune dzimwe nyika maakaundi 28.9% yeiyo yepasi rose.

Yetatu, iyo yepamusoro shanu dzezasi zinc gadzira

Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwegore negore kwevanogadzira nyika yeVatatu veZinc vaive vanenge mamirioni matatu emamirioni, accounting kweanenge 1/4 yeGlobal zinc kugadzirwa. Iyo zinc yekugadzira mari inodarika 9.4 yeiyo Glencore PLC yakagadzirwa neZinc Ltd Uye Boliden Ab akabereka anenge 270000 matani eZinc. Vagadziri veZinc vanowanzogadzira mitengo yeZinc kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekuti "kuderedza kugadzirwa uye kuchengetedza mitengo", izvo zvinosanganisira kuvhara zvidimbu kuti uwane chinangwa chekuderedza kuderedza uye kuchengetedza mitengo yeZinc. Muna Gumiguru 2015, Glencore akazivisa kuderedzwa kweZinc kugadzirwa kweZinc akazara, akaenzana ne4% yekugadzirwa kwepasirese, uye mitengo yeZinc yakawedzera ne7% pazuva rimwe chete pazuva rimwe nerimwe.

Chekutanga, kudhirowa kwepasi rose zinc kwakatemerwa muAsia Pacific uye Europe uye America Matunhu.

Muna 2021, kushandiswa kwepasirese kweZinc kwakanatswa kweZinc kwaive nemamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu Iyo United States neIndia yakaiswa chechipiri uye yechitatu, accounting ye6% uye 5% zvichiteerana. Dzimwe nyika huru dzekutengesa dzinosanganisira nyika dzakakudziridzwa seSouth Korea, Japan, Belgium, uye Germany.

Wechipiri ndewekuti chimiro chekushandisa cheZinc chakakamurwa kuita kwekutanga kwekushandisa uye terminal kushandiswa. Iko kwekutanga kunwa kunonyanya kuwanda zinc plating, nepo iyo yekupedzisa kushandiswa kunonyanya kuvakwa. Shanduko mukuda kuchikumbiro pamucheto wemutengi inokanganisa mutengo we zinc.

Chimiro chekushandisa cheZinc chinogona kukamurwa kuita kwekutanga kwekushandisa uye terminal kushandiswa. Iko kwekutanga kunwa kweZinc kunonyanya kutaurwa pane zvakarongeka zvekushandisa, accounting ye64%. Iko kushandurwa kwekupedzisira kweZinc kunoreva kudzoreredza uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekutanga zveZinc mune zvekutanga zvechirani. Mukushandiswa kweTerminal yeZinc, iyo incursture uye yekuvakira zvikamu zvekambani yepamusoro, pa33% uye 23% zvichiteerana. Kuitwa kweZinc mutengi kuchatakurwa kubva kumunda weTerminal wekushandisa kune imwe yekutanga munda uye inokanganisa kuwanikwa uye kudikanwa kwe zinc nemutengo wayo. Semuenzaniso, pakaitwa nekuita kukuru kweZinc Ginder vatengi vakadaro uye mota dzisina kusimba Kuderera muZinc mitengo.

Semutengesi wepasi rose weZinc, Glencore anodzora kutenderera kweZinc yakanatswa mumusika nezvakanaka zvitatu zvakanaka. Chekutanga, kugona kwekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kuronga zvinhu zvakananga kune iyo Songnstrepa Commut; Yechipiri ndiko kugona kwakasimba kugovera zinc zviwanikwa; Yechitatu ndiyo nzwisiso yekunzwisisa muZinc musika. Semukati mehupenyu hukuru hweZinc, Glencore yakagadzira 940000 matani eZinc muna 2022, ine chikamu chemusika wepasirese che7,2%; Iyo Trade vhoriyamu yeZinc is 2,4 miriyoni matani, ine miti yepasi rose yemusika ye 18.4%. Iko kugadzirwa uye trame vhoriyamu ye zinc zvese zviri zviviri pamusoro penyika. Glencore's Global nhamba yekutanga kugadzirwa ndiyo nheyo yekukanganisa kwayo kweZinc mitengo, uye nhamba yekutanga yekutengeserana inowedzera ichi pesvedzero iyi.

Chekutanga, Shanghai Zinc Exchange yatoita basa rakanaka mukutanga chirongwa che zinc yemuchina, asi pesvedzero yayo pane kodzero dzeZinc Pricing ichiri isingasviki pane iyo yakadarika yeiyo lme.

Rusununguko rweZinc rwakatangazve neShanghai Stock Exchange akaratidzira pachena mukuwadziswa kwekugovera uye kudiwa nzira, hurukuro yemitengo, uye yemutengo uye yekudzvinyirira mitekisiti yeiyo nzvimbo yemusika weZinc. Pasi pemusika wakaomesesa weChinzvimbo yeZinc, iyo Shanghai Rinc Yakasimudzira Mukutanga Kuvhurika, Akanaka, Akanaka, Akanaka Zinc Musika Mutengo weZinc Mutengo. Iyo yeZinc zinc yemweya yave yatove neimwe nzira uye pesvedzero, uye nekuvandudzwa kwemusika mashandisirwo emusika uye kuwedzera kwekutengesa chiyero, chinzvimbo charo mumusika wepasi rose zviri kuwedzerawo. Muna 2022, huwandu hwekutengesa hweShanghai Zinc remangwana risiriyo rasara uye rakawedzera zvishoma. Sekureva kwedatha kubva kuShanghai Stock Exchange, sekupera kwaNovember 2022, iyo yekuwedzera yeShanghai yeZinc Futures, ; Muna 2022, iyo vhoriyamu yekutengesa yeShanghai Zinc remangwana asvika makumi manomwe nemakumi mana nemashanu Nekudaro, simba remitengo yeGlobal zinc ichiri kutongwa neLME, uye nzvimbo yeimba yeZinc remangwana inoramba iri musika wedunhu munzvimbo yepasi pevhu.

Kechipiri, iyo nzvimbo yemitengo yeZinc muChina yakashanduka kubva kuMugadziri Quotes kune online platform quotes, kunyanya zvichienderana nemitengo yeLME.

2000 2000, pakanga pasina zinc nzvimbo yemusika yemitengo muChina, uye mutengo wetiwa wemusika waive wakaumbwa zvichienderana neyakagadzika mugadziri wemugadziri. Semuenzaniso, muPearl rwizi Delta, mutengo wacho wacho wacho wacho wacho wacho wacho wacho ainyanya kuiswa naZhongjin Lingnan, achiri muRwizi rweYangtsze Delta, mutengo wacho wainyanya kuiswa naZhuzhou unonhuhwira uye huludao. Iyo isina kukwana mitengo yemitengo yakave yakakanganisika pakubata kwezuva nezuva kwekukwira kumusoro uye kumanikidza kumubireni muZinc indasitiri yemaketeni. Muna 2000, Shanghai isingamoni madzinza network (Smm) yakagadzika network, uye its platform quotform yakave chirevo chemabhizinesi mazhinji epamba kune mutengo zinc nzvimbo. Parizvino, iyo huru quotes mumusika wegomba inosanganisira masheti kubva kuNan Chu chu Business network uye shanghai simbi network, asi madhiri kubva pamapuranga epamhepo anonyanya kureva mitengo yeLME.

Chekutanga, huwandu hwakazara hweZinc zviwanikwa muChina runyorwa rwechipiri munyika, asi huwandu hwemhando yakaderera uye yekubvisa zviwanikwa zvakaoma.

China ine zvakawanda zvinochengetera zinc ore zviwanikwa, chinzvimbo chechipiri munyika mushure meAustralia. Iyo imba yeZinc ore zviwanikwa zvinonyanya kuiswa munzvimbo dzakadai seYunnan (24%), Mukati Mongolia (20%), Gansu (11%), uye Xinjiang (8%). Nekudaro, giredhi re zinc ore deposits muChina rinowanzo kuderera, nemazinda madiki mazhinji uye mashoma mashoma emigodhi, pamwe nevazhinji vakasendamira uye migodhi yakawanda. Resource kubviswa kwakaoma uye mitengo yekufambisa yakakwira.

Kechipiri, China's Zinc Ore Production Spors kutanga munyika, uye pesvedzero yevanogadzira vechiZinc vari kuwedzera.

China's Zinc Production yakaramba yakakura kwazvo yemakore mazhinji emakore akateedzana. Mumakore achangopfuura, kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana senge indasitiri yedhivhari, uye kuungana zvishoma nezvishoma, china. Zijin Mining ndiye akanyanya zinc gadziriso yekugadzira bhizinesi muChina, ine zinc ore zvigadzirwa zviyero zvine musoro pakati pevhatu shanu pasi. Muna 2022, kugadzirwa kweZinc kwaive nematani makumi mana nemakumi mana emakumi mana emakumi mana emakumi mana emakumi mairi. Minetls Zviwanikwa Zvinosangana neChina Pasicth Globally, neZinc Kugadzirwa kwe25000 matani mu 2022, accounting ye 5.3% yeiyo yakazara mudzimba kugadzirwa. Zhongjin Lingnan Runks Noth Globally, neZinc kugadzirwa kwe193000 matani mu 2022, accounting for 4.6% yeiyo yakazara yekugadzira mudzimba. Vamwe vakakura-vabati veZinc vanogadzira Chihong zinc Ginc, Zinc Indasitiri Co, Ltd., Baiyin Nonferus Metals, nezvimwe.

Yetatu, China ndiye mutengi mukuru weZinc, aine profitrated mumunda weKarivisi uye Synstream Real Estate Zvivakwa.

Muna 2021, zinc inoshandiswa neZinc yaive mazana matanhatu emamiriyoni ematani, achiigadzira mutengi mukuru weZinc. Zinc pliging account yeiyo yakakura chikamu cheZinc chinwiwa muChina, accounting kweanenge 60% yeZinc Creatsipt; Tevere vanofa-kuchikanda zinc alloy uye zinc oxide, accounting yegumi nemashanu muzana uye gumi nemaviri% zvichiteerana. Nzvimbo huru dzekushandisa dzekushandiswa kweKugirazi ndeyezvivakwa uye zvivakwa zvivakwa. Nekuda kweChina Kubudirira Kwazvo Mukushandiswa Kwemhando yeZinc, budiriro yezvivakwa uye zvivakwa zvezvivakwa zvichave zvine chekuita zvakanyanya pasi rose, zvinodiwa, uye mutengo we zinc.

Kuvimbika kweChina kunze kweZinc kwakakwirira uye kunoratidza maitiro akajeka kumusoro, aine iyo huru yekubatanidza masosi ari kuAustralia nePeru. Kubva muna 2016, iyo Inhongwe Yekunze yeZinc Yakatarisana neChina yave iri kuwedzera gore negore, uye ikozvino yave iri kunze kwenyika zvakanyanya kunze kweZinc Ore. Muna 2020, iyo yekubvisa kutsamira yeZinc inotarisa yakapfuura 40%. Kubva kuNyika Nenyika Yenyika, iyo nyika neyekumusoro-soro yeZinc inotarisa kuChina muna 2021 yaive Australia matani mugore rose, accounting makumi matatu neshanu Kechipiri, Peru kunze kwenzvimbo 780000 dzemuviri dzemuviri kuChina, accounting for 21.6% yeiyo China yakazara yeZinc inotarisa. Iyo yakakwira kutsamira paZinc Ore Export uye kuwirirana kwezvinhu zvekunze zvinoreva kuti kugadziriswa kweZinc inogona kungobvuma mari yekugamuchira mitengo yepasi rose yemusika.

Ichi chinyorwa chakaburitswa mugwaro rekutanga reChina kuyerera zuva nezuva musi waMay 15th