Basa uye Maitiro eSodium Sulphide muKuyerera kweOxidised Lead-Zinc Ores

Zvicherwa zve lead-zinc zvakasanganiswa (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, nezvimwewo) zvine nzvimbo dzinonyungudika uye hazvigone kunyudzwa zvakananga ne xanthate collectors. Kuwedzerwa kwe sodium sulphide sulphidises kunoita kuti ore iwedzere kunyungudika kwe xanthates. Kunze kwe sulphidisation uye activation, sodium sulphide inopawo depression yakasarudzwa, kugadzirisa pH ye pulp, uye kubvisa reagent, zvichiita kuti ive reagent yakakosha mukugadzirisa lead-zinc yakasanganiswa.

I. Kugadziriswa kweSulphide uye kuvhurwa

1. Maitiro ekuita
   Sodium sulphide inonyungudika mumvura kuti igadzire maS²⁻ neHS⁻ ions, ayo anoita nemaion esimbi yepamusoro pazvicherwa zve lead‑zinc zvakasanganiswa nekupisa kwemvura, zvichiita firimu re hydrophobic sulphide:

Nzvimbo yeCerussite:
PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (kuita kwekufananidzira; chinzvimbo chemufananidzo)

Smithsonite:
ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (kuita kwekufananidzira; chinzvimbo chemufananidzo)

Firimu rePbS rakaumbwa rakakora uye rakagadzikana, rinonamira xanthate zvakasimba uye rinoita kuti lead ikwanise kuyerera yakaita sesulphide. Firimu reZnS rakareruka uye rinogona kuoxidation uye kubviswa; sodium sulphide yoga haikwani kuti zinc ioxidation irambe ichiyerera, izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwechipiri nekuunganidza amine gare gare.

2. Kukosha kwekushandisa
   Pasina sodium sulphide, kudzoserwa kwe lead-zinc yakasanganiswa kwakaderera. Kana sulphidisation yakakodzera, kudzoserwa kwe lead kunowedzera zvakanyanya. Sulphidisation chinhu chinodiwa kuti ore irambe ichidonha. Muchokwadi, sodium sulphide inowedzerwa kutanga kuti sulphidisation ishande, yoteverwa ne xanthate kuti lead ishande zvakanaka.

II. Kuora mwoyo kwekusarudza

1. Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwakadai se sphalerite ne pyrite
   S²⁻ yakawandisa mu pulp inofukidza galena, sphalerite, uye pyrite pamusoro, zvichidzivirira kunyungudika kwe xanthate uye zvichikonzera kuora mwoyo.
   Muchikamu chekudonha kwelead yakawanda, dosage ye sodium sulphide inoshandiswa chete kumutsa lead yakasanganiswa; yakawandisa inoderedza lead uku ichideredza zvakanyanya sphalerite yekutanga, zvichiita kuti zinc lead iparadzaniswe.
   Padanho rekuti zinc ifambe zvakanaka, miswe yemutobvu inofanira kugezwa zvakanaka kuti ideredze huwandu hwesodium sulphide yasara uye ibvise kuora mwoyo, usati washandisa zvinhu zvinounganidza amine kuti uwane zinc.
2. Mitemo yemushonga
   Kusakwana kwemuyero: firimu resulfide rakatetepa uye risina kukwana, kudzoreredzwa kwelead shoma.
   Chipimo chepakati nepakati: kushanda kwakazara kwe lead yakasanganiswa uye kuderedzwa kwepakati kwe sphalerite, kupatsanurwa kwakakwana.
   Dosi yakawandisa: S²⁻ yakawandisa inoderedza lead yakasanganiswa ne sphalerite, zvichiita kuti lead ne zinc zvidonhe zvakanyanya.

III. Kugadzirisa pulp

1. kugadzirisa pH
   Kunyungudika kwe sodium sulphide kunoburitsa mvura ine alkaline yakawanda, zvichiita kuti pH ye pulp irambe iri pakati pe 8.5–11. Nzvimbo ine alkaline inodzivirira kuora kwe oxidative kwe sulphide film, zvichiita kuti sulphidisization igare yakasimba.
2. Kudzora kweEh
   Maion e sulphide anoderedza oxidation potential ye pulp, zvichidzivirira oxidative deactivation ye PbS film. Kune ma ores ane oxidised zvakanyanya, sodium sulphide yakawandisa inofanira kuchengetedzwa se reduction agent.
3. Kudonha kwemvura inokuvadza yesimbi ine simba
   MaIon ePb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, uye Fe³⁺ ari mu pulp asingashandise ma gangue minerals zvisina kusarudzwa, zvichideredza kusarudza. S²⁻ inoita kuti maion aya ave sulphides, ichibvisa kupindira uye ichideredza kushandiswa kwe reagent zvisina kufanira.
4. Kupararira kwetsvina
   Zvigadzirwa zvealkaline hydrolysis zvinoparadzira zvinyoro nyoro zvidimbu zvemarara, zvichideredza kuputirwa kwenzvimbo dzine zvicherwa nezvidimbu.

IV. Kuderedza kushushikana/kurega kunwa mvura yakawanda
Kana mixed lead-zinc oxidised concentrate yagadzirwa, huwandu hwakawanda hwe sodium sulphide hunogona kuwedzerwa kana hwakanyanya kuwanda. S²⁻ inobvisa xanthate yakanyungudutswa pamusoro pemaminerari, ichibvisa zvakakwana muunganidzwa. Mushure mekusuka nekudzoreredza, sulphidisation yakarongwa uye kupatsanurwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa lead-zinc intergrowths yakakiyiwa. Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa muma complex polymetallic oxygen-sulphide mixed ore flotation circuits.

V. Musiyano wemaitiro e sodium sulfide pa lead vs. zinc minerals

1. Lead yakasanganiswa (cerussite) – inoumba firimu rePbS rakakora; sodium sulphide ine mwero yakakwana kuti irambe yakagadzikana; kuwanda chete ndiko kunokonzera kuora mwoyo. Yakakodzera kutenderera kwelead yakagadzirwa nexanthate.
2. Zinc yakasanganiswa (smithsonite) – inoita firimu reZnS rakareruka; sodium sulphide yoga haigone kuifambisa. Sodium sulphide inoshanda chete senzira yekurapa, uye vanhu vanounganidza cationic vakaita seoctadecylamine kana dodecylamine vanodiwa. Sodium sulphide yasara inoderedza zvakanyanya kudonha kwezinc yakasanganiswa.

VI. Mazano makuru ekushanda mumaindasitiri

1. Kupatsanura: wedzera panguva yekukuya uye panguva yekupwanya kuti uwedzere nguva yekubata sulphidisation.
2. Masara emutobvu anoyangarara anoda kusanganiswa nekusukwa kuti aderedze kusara kwe sodium sulphide zinc isati yayangarara.
3. Kune matombo evhu ane oxidised yakawanda, sanganisai nezvinhu zvinoderedza simba (iron powder) uye zvinoparadzira (sodium hexametaphosphate) kuti mugadzikane ne sulphide film.

Migumisiro yakaipa: kugadzirwa kwegasi remazai rakaora rine chepfu (H₂S) - kufefetera kunodiwa; reagent yakawandisa inowedzera mutengo; huwandu hwe sulphide yemvura yakasviba hunopfuura miganhu.
Chinhu chakakosha: NaHS, kana ikashandiswa, inoora nyore nyore.