Migodhi gumi yepamusoro yemhangura pasi rose

Mumwe muongorori wepaSprott achangobva kutaura kuti kukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi uye kushomeka kwesulfuric acid - chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chekugadzirwa kwemhangura pasi rose chinoda sulfuric acid - kuri kuwedzera mitengo yekuchera, izvo zvinoonekwa senzira inotevera yekukonzera mitengo yemhangura. Goldman Sachs ane tariro zvakare nezvekukwira kwemitengo yemhangura nekuda kwekukanganiswa kwekupa. International Copper Study Group yakasiya zvachose fungidziro yayo yekare yekuwedzera uye ikozvino inotarisira kushomeka kwematani 150,000 muna 2026. Migodhi gumi yepamusoro yemhangura pasi rose - mizhinji yacho yave ichishanda kwemakumi emakore, mimwe kubva kumagumo kwezana remakore rechi19 - inodarika chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chekugadzirwa kwemhangura pasi rose, pamwe chete ichigadzira matani mamiriyoni 4.9 emhangura muna 2025. Zvinoshamisa kuti, mushure mekurasikirwa nemukuru wemugadziri wemhangura mukuru pasi rose kuBHP nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo, Codelco yekuChile haina mugodhi mumwe chete wekushanda uri pakati pegumi yepamusoro. Sezvakaratidzwa zvizere gore rapfuura, kukanganiswa kwekushanda kwemigodhi mikuru iyi (semuenzaniso, zviitiko zveGrasberg neKamoa-Kakula zvakabvisa mazana ezviuru zvematani emhangura mumusika) zvinogona kukanganisa zvikuru mitengo yemhangura.

1. Escondida – Iri muChile, Escondida ikambani yakabatana neBHP, Rio Tinto, Mitsubishi, neJX Advanced Metals. Yakaburitsa matani 1,347,600 emhangura muna 2025, ichiva pekutanga. Escondida yagara iri mugodhi wemhangura mukuru pasi rose, uye ongororo yekushanda kweBHP kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe yakapera musi wa31 Kurume yakaratidza kuchera nekushandisa zvinhu zvakasanganiswa.

2. Grasberg – Iri muIndonesia, Grasberg ine muridzi weFreeport-McMoRan nePersero yehurumende yeIndonesia, Freeport iriyo inoshanda. Yakaburitsa matani 460,400 emhangura kwegore rose. Freeport ichiri kutarisana nemhedzisiro yekudonha kwevhu gore rapfuura, uko kwakaburitsa matani 800,000 edhaka. Kambani iyi inotarisira kuti nzvimbo huru yekuchera migodhi muCentral Papua ichadzoka pakugadzirwa kwakazara pakutanga kwa2028.

3. Las Bambas – Iri muPeru, Las Bambas ine muridzi weMMG, CITIC, nePagoda Tree Investment Company pamwe chete. Yakaburitsa matani 411,300 emhangura muna 2025. Mugodhi uyu wakakanganiswa nekuratidzira muna 2024, asi mabasa akatangazve muna Kubvumbi 2025 mushure mekunge varatidziri vabvumirana kubvisa zvipingamupinyi munzira huru yekufambisa muPeru.

4. Buenavista – Mugodhi weBuenavista weSouthern Copper muMexico wakakwira kusvika panzvimbo yechina mugore rino, uchiburitsa matani 409,400. Nzvimbo iyi yemigodhi yekare, iri makiromita makumi maviri nemaviri kumaodzanyemba kwemuganhu weUS, yave ichigadzira mhangura kubvira muna 1899.

5. Collahuasi – Mugodhi weCollahuasi wekuChile, uyo unobatanidzwa neGlencore, Anglo American, neMitsui, wakagadzira matani 404,100. Muna Kubvumbi gore rino, makondirakiti akapedza hurongwa hwekutakura mvura kubva kuguta rePunta Patache riri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa kuenda kunzvimbo yeUjina iri pamusoro pemamita 4,400 pamusoro pegungwa, sechikamu chekuvandudza zvivakwa zvemadhora bhiriyoni imwe chete.

6. KGHM – Mugodhi weKGHM wekuPoland, uri wePolska Miedź chete, wakaburitsa matani 401,100. Mwedzi wapera, kambani iyi yakati iri kutsvaga kuisa mari mumigodhi muEurope neMorocco kuti iwane matombo ari pedyo nenzvimbo yayo yekunyungudutsa simbi muPoland. KGHM iri pamberiwo pane yedu runyorwa rwemigodhi yesirivha.

7. Cerro Verde – Iri muPeru, Cerro Verde ikambani yeFreeport-McMoRan, Sumitomo, neBuenaventura. Yakaburitsa matani 391,500, iri pachinzvimbo chechinomwe. Hurumende yePeru yakatanga kuchera oxide ore kuCerro Verde muna 1972 uye yakavaka imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga dzekubvisa solvent pasi rose.

8. Kamoa-Kakula – Iri muDemocratic Republic of Congo, nzvimbo yekuchera migodhi yeKamoa-Kakula ine muridzi weIvanhoe Mines, Zijin Mining, Crystal River, nehurumende yeCongo. Yakadonha kubva panzvimbo yechitatu kusvika panzvimbo yechisere, ichiburitsa matani 385,800. Muna 2025, kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakakonzera kupinda kwemvura mumugodhi wepasi pevhu, uye Ivanhoe yakamisa kushanda kwemavhiki matatu. Muna Kubvumbi gore rino, Ivanhoe yakaderedza zvakanyanya gwara rayo rekugadzira munguva pfupi iri kutevera, ichiti yave kuchinja pakutarisa pakuvandudza pasi pevhu, kugadzirisa, uye kuwana mabasa, izvo zvichaderedza kudya kweore kwemwedzi 18 kusvika 24 inotevera.

9. Antamina – Iri muPeru, Antamina ine muridzi weBHP, Glencore, Teck, neMitsubishi pamwe chete. Yakaburitsa matani 368,000, zvichikwira kubva pagumi kusvika papfumbamwe. Gore rapfuura, kambani yeAntamina yakafanotaura kuwedzera kwemhangura ne20%.

10. Oyu Tolgoi – Mugodhi weOyu Tolgoi, mubatanidzwa weRio Tinto nehurumende yeMongolia, wakaburitsa matani 345,100. Hurumende, ine 34% yemigodhi mumugodhi kuburikidza neErdenes Mongol LLC yehurumende, gore rino yakavhurazve hurukuro pamusoro pemitemo yekutengeserana yepurojekiti yemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemasere, ichikumbira kugoverwa kwepurofiti nekukurumidza uye chikamu chikuru chemari inowanikwa.

Mimwe migodhi inozivikanwa: Morenci muArizona, US - matani 313,100; Quellaveco muPeru - matani 309,900; Los Pelambres muChile - matani 295,400.